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 Physical Water Conditioning Technic

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University of Barcelona, Spain, Department of Microbiology
A study of the microbiological inactivation
by the equipment
Aqua Hydro Physical System™
In summary,
 
the presented/displayed results gives evidence to the effectiveness of the equipment to elimination of bacteria and virus under the test conditions.
From these results the supposition is acepted that the equipment (Aqua Hydro Physical System™) has the capability, under suitable operation conditions, to diminish bacterial increases in closed water circuits and to keep the concentrations of any microorganisms at low level, as expressed in the manufacturer product information.
 
IMPORTANT
This Internet document represent a summary translation to English of the original report edition by
The University of Barcelona, Spain, Department of Microbiology.
Only the original report in Spanish by the University of Barcelona, Spain, Department of Microbiology represent the official valid full content, which may be downloaded here:
http://www.aqua-correct.com\docs\hp-test-university-barcelona.pdf
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The measured values and graphics results of the experimental tests with different bacterial stocks, bacteriophages and aerage cultures correspond excactly to those presented in the original report by the Department of Microbiology.
This Internet translation serves as a prelimiary, brief and unofficial translated summary information of the original report in Spanish only and, the content here, any terms or disputes are as such limited, not claimed to being approved or in full refering to the actual, total wordings in the official report edition.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
Aqua Hydro Physical System™
 
 

Barcelona, July, 2003

 
University of Barcelona, Spain, Department of Microbiology
 
THE APPLIED, DILUTED MICROORGANISMS .
 
In the present work inactivation experiences have been made, with different microorganisms, (two bacteria:
Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli; and two bacteriophage types: MS-2 and B56-3)
 
Bacterial stocks, bacteriophage and average used and evaluated in the test:
Bacterial stocks. Gram+ and other equal was chosen as bacterium gram- as these represent the most frequent "structural" types.
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.
Escherichia coli WG5 (ATCC 700078) (Grabow & Cobrough 1986).

 

Bacteriophage. Two bacterial virus with very well differentiated structures was chosen .
MS2 (ATCC 15597-B1) ISO 10705-1. (Anonymous 1995)
B56-3 (ATCC700786-B1) ISO 10705-4 (Anonymous 2002)

 

The culture average
according to mFC-agar (Difco, Becton Dickinson, U.S.). Ref: 267720.
Coliforme Chromocult to agar (Merck Darmstadt, Germany). Ref:1.10426.
m Enterococcus to agar (Difco, Becton Dickinson, U.S.). Ref: 274620.

 

Under the tested conditions it was possible to calculate the T90, is to say time necessary to inactivate 90% of the population, or what is the same to reduce the present contamination in a logarithmic unit.
 
The T90 depends on the characteristics of the tested microorganism, thus in average we have a T90 value of 20 hours for Enterococcus faecalis; of 23 hours for Escherichia coli, of 6 hours for the bacteriophage MS2 and of 51 hours for the bacteriophage B56-3. The indicating results of inactivation of proposed bacteriophage as virus , indicates to us that virus are also inactivated by Aqua HPS.
 
These results show evidence of the microbial inactivation, under test conditions, achieved by the action of the reactor, since all controls being made in parallel in the experiences presented/displayed shows a T90 superior to 100 hours. It is to say, the inactivation achieved by the reactor is significantly greater than the inactivation the microorganism suffer naturally when staying in the water.
 
 
THE TEST CIRCUIT.
 
 
 
RESULTS.
 
10.1. - Inactivation of enterococos.
 
Experiment 1
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
Experiment 2
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
Experiment 3
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
Experiment 4
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
10.2.- Inactivation of Escherichia coli
 
Experiment 1
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
Experiment 2
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
Experiment 3
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
10.3.- Inactivation of bacteriófago B56-3.
 
Experiment 1
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
Experiment 2
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
Experiment 3
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
10.4.- Inactivation of the bacteriófago MS2.
 
Experiment 1
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
Experiment 2
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
Experiment 3
Hours of treatment
Treated - Control - Linear (Control) - Linear (Treated)
 
EXPRESSIONS OF THE RESULTS.
 
For the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the results of each test made, these was imagined by means of the use of graphs. In these graphs one imagines the results of the concentrations of microorganisms throughout time as well of the control water as of the water circuit that has passed through the reactor.
 
The "kinetic of inactivation" obtained, come near to straight lines, with R2 greater to 0,70; in most occasions.
 
This simple model, allows to calculate the T90, the time it takes to eliminate the 90% of the present microorganisms in the sample. This value serves us to evaluate the inactivations of the different microorganisms, in our case all less than 100 hours.
 
In the different tests of the control water (reference) also a reduction or inactivation of the microorganisms has taken place. The T90 obtained has been superior to 100 hours, that is to say, a reduction has occurred due to natural inactivation, but this has been much smaller than the one caused by the effect of the reactor.
 
Results
 
From the kinetic values of inactivation, the T90 and T99 was calculated (in hours) of the different tested micro organisms.
     
Statistic of the T90 and T99, of tested microorganisms:
 
 
Des.est.: Standard deviation
I.C. Intervals of confidence
V. mín: Minimum value
V.máx.: Maximum value
 
Diagrams in graphics of the T90 and T99 for the different micro organisms tested:
     T90 and T99 tested microorganisms
 
1: T90 for Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212
2: T99 for Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212
 
3: T90 for Escherichia coli ATCC 7000078
4: T99 for Escherichia coli ATCC 7000078
 
5: T90 for Bacteriófago MS2 ATCC 15597-B1
6: T99 for Bacteriófago MS2 ATCC 15597-B1
 
7: T90 for Bacteriófago B56-3 ATCC 700786-B1
8: T99 for Bacteriófago B56-3 ATCC 700786-B1
 
Discussion

The T90 of the tested bacteria's are very close to each other and near to 20 hours (20 and 23 hours), like it happens with the T99, which is 35 and 37 hours for enterococos and E.coli respectively. As they are
microorganism models, these can be indicative for the processes of inactivation of an ample phantom of bacteria, which by the action of the reactor will act similar. Within this phantom it is possible to think that they would be of the bacteria Legionella type. The indications of the manufacturer would therefore be fulfilled in
whatever to the inactivation of this type of bacteria and its application in diverse types of water installations.
 
REFERENCES
 
Anonymous (1995) ISO 10705-1: Water quality. Detection and enumeration of bacteriophages - part 1: Enumeration of F-specific RNA bacteriophages. Geneva, Switzerland: International Standardisation Organisation.
 
Anonymous (2000) ISO 10705-2: Water quality. Detection and enumeration of bacteriophages -part 2: Enumeration of somatic coliphages. International Organisation for Standardisation. Geneva, Switzerland: International Standardisation Organisation.
 
Anonymous (2002) ISO 10705-4: Water quality Detection and enumeration of bacteriophages -part 4: Enumeration of Bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides fragilis Geneva, Switzerland: International Organisation for Standardisation.
 
Grabow WO & Cobrough P (1986) Practical direct plaque assay for coliphages in 100-ml samples of drinking water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52: 430-433.

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